Pathophysiology Module 4 Mcqs Pathophysiology Module 4 Mcqs Please enter your email: 1. All of the following are signs of the right ventricular failure, except: Enlargement of the liver Decreased venous pressure Cyanosis Edema 2. Mechanisms of ascites in liver cirrhosis include all of the following, except: Secondary hyperaldosteronism Hypoalbuminemia Hyperalbuminemia Portal hypertension 3. Factors involved in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcer all listed, except: Infection Excessive production of glucocorticoids Increased production of mucus Increased tone of sympathetic nerves 4. Chronic liver failure is characterized by the following changes in the protein composition of the blood, except: Hyperproteinemia Hypoproteinemia Dysproteinemia Decrease of the albumin-globulin coefficient 5. The mechanism underlying in a basis of diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium is: Impaired relaxation of the myocardium (of myocytes) Increased rigidity of the myocardium (of the interstitium) 6. The cause of concentric type of myocardial remodeling is: Ischemic heart disease Arterial hypertension Cardiosclerosis Valvular regurgitation 7. All of the following are factors of hepatic encephalopathy, except: Hyperammoniemia High level of indole, skatole in the blood Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia 8. All of the following are initial factors of myocardial remodeling, except: Disorders of coagulation Hemodynamic stress Activation of neuroendocrine regulation Action of angiotensin II 9. Manifestations of heart failure are all listed, except: dyspnea bradycardia myogenic dilatation edema tachycardia 10. The pathological condition which is characterized by polypnea is: Pneumonia Lung edema Hemorrhage Bronchospasm 11. Cause of inspiratory dyspnea is: Pneumonia Asthma Lung edema Obturation of the larynx by a foreign body 12. Indicators of renal tubules dysfunction are all listed, except: Hyposthenuria Selective proteinuria Renal glucosuria Renal aminoaciduria 13. The most serious electrolyte complication of oliguric stage renal failure is: Hypochloremia (low chloride level) Hypernatriemia (high sodium level) Hyperkalemia (high potassium level) 14. All of following are symptoms of portal hypertension, except: Jaundice Ascites Varicose veins of the esophagus Splenomegaly Hemorrhoidal bleeding 15. White blood cast is seen in? Glomerulonephritis Pyelonephritis Chronic renal failure Acute renal failure 16. Pathology which leads to disorder of ventilation of the obstructive type is: pneumonia lung edema bronchospasm atelectasis 17. Condition which can present both as nephrotic syndrome and nephritic syndrome is: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Minimal change disease Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 18. Endogenous causes of chronic gastritis are all listed, except: Heart failure Diabetes mellitus Iron-deficiency anemia Cirrhosis of the liver Fever 19. All of the following are syndromes of liver failure, except: Portal hypertension Hemorragic diathesis Jaundice Polycythemia encephalopathy 20. Salt-losing nephropathy is: Post-streptococcal GN Interstitial nephritis Lupus nephritis Amyloidosis 21. Stages of ischemic heart disease includes all of the following, except: Emergency stage Activation of the main pathogenic factors Inhibition of the main metabolic pathways Activation of lipid triad Necrobiotic cell death 22. The main stimulus of growth of the connective tissue during remodeling is: Hemodynamic stress Disorder of neuroendocrine regulation 23. Intestinal toxicosis is characterized by all signs, except: Intracellular metabolic acidosis Extracellular metabolic alkalosis Increased volume of circulating blood Dehydration Hypothermia 24. All of the following are risk factors of ischemic heart, except: Increased level of lipoproteins of high density Diabetes mellitus Arterial hypertension Heredity Smoking 25. Stages of chronic renal failure include: Latent Oliguric Compensation Decompensation Terminal Recovery 26. The type of respiratory disorder in pneumonia is: tachypnea bradypnea polypnea 27. The main manifestation of right ventricular heart failure is: Lung edema Ascites Pneumosclerosis 28. Red blood cast is seen in? Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Renal vein thrombosis Bladder schistomiasis Minimal change disease 29. The development of gastric ulcer is associated with all these factors, except: Acid-peptic factor Gastroduodenal reflux Insufficient blood supply to the mucosa Drugs (aspirin) Increased production of somatostatin 30. The dynamic indicator of bronchial obstruction is: diffusion capacity residual volume maximal voluntary ventilation index Tiffeneau vital capacity of lungs 31. The basis of long-term adaptation during compensatory hyperfunction of the myocardium is: Development of the capillary network of myocardium Accumulation of glycogen in the myocardium Systemic structural trace (in cardiomyocytes) in the form of increased number of mitochondria, the area of SPR and structural proteins 32. Types of cardiogenic shock are: True False Arrhythmogenic Reflex Reactive Areactive 33. Cause of dark color of urine in hemolytic jaundice is: Presence of conjugated bilirubin Presence of unconjugated bilirubin Presence of high level of stercobilinogen Presence of urobilinogen 34. Cause of dark color of urine in obstructive jaundice is: Presence of conjugated bilirubin Presence of unconjugated bilirubin Presence of high level of stercobilinogen Presence of urobilinogen 35. Long-term compensatory mechanism of cardiac failure is: Dyspnea Hypertrophy of the myocardium Anemia 36. Which is the first organ to be affected in left ventricular failure? Lungs Kidney Liver Brain The correct answer is 1. Lungs. Left ventricular failure is a condition where the left ventricle of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other organs. The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. When it fails, blood backs up into the lungs, causing congestion and fluid accumulation in the alveoli (air sacs), which can lead to shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. As a result of the impaired function of the left ventricle, the kidneys, liver, and brain may also be affected, but the lungs are typically the first organ to be impacted by left ventricular failure. 37. Most common sites of arterial embolization? Brain Kidney Lower extremities Mesentery 38. The main stimulus of hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes during remodeling is: Hemodynamic stress Disorder of neuroendocrine regulation 39. The first symptom of diabetic nephropathy is: Non-selective proteinuria Edema High arterial pressure Micro albuminuria 40. Classification of reparatory failure includes : hypoxemic type hyperxemic type hypocapnic type hypercapnic type 41. Duodenal ulcer is most commonly caused by: NSAID therapy H.pylori Stress Unhealthy diet 42. The main mechanisms of respiratory failure are: disorders of ventilation disorders of perfusion disorders of diffusion normal ventilation-perfusion ratio 43. All are true for nephrotic syndrome, except: Edema Massive proteinuria Hypoalbuminemia Hyperlipidemia Hypertension 44. Most common cause of mitral valve disease is: Myxoma Rheumatic fever Tuberculosis Syphilis 45. A patient with nephritic syndrome will not have: Hematuria Leukocyturia Hypertension Edema 46. Compensatory hyperfunction of myocardium during physical activity is not characterized by: Frequency of the load Saving of the ratio between muscle and interstitial components Saving of the ratio of muscle mass of the myocardium and its vascularization Saving of SERCA activity Emergency stage of compensatory hyperfunction 47. Pathology which leads to disorder of ventilation of the restrictive type is: laryngospasm pneumosclerosis foreign body of larynx bronchospasm 48. Cholemia is characterized by the following symptoms, except: Bradycardia Itching Tachycardia Decrease of arterial pressure Frothy urine Loss of pain sensitivity 49. Concentric type of myocardial remodeling is a result of: Ischemic heart disease Arterial hypertension Post-infarction cardiosclerosis Valvular regurgitation 50. Signs of hemolytic jaundice are: Direct hyperbilirubinemia, increased transaminases, normal levels of alkaline phosphatase, stercobilinogen). Hyperbilirubinemia (direct and indirect), reduced stercobilinogen (may be absent), normal transferases, alkaline phosphatase sharply increased. Direct hyperbilirubinemia, increased stercobilinogen, the presence of urobilinogen). Indirect hyperbilirubinemia, urobilinogen (possible), increasing the level of stercobilinogen, normal alkaline phosphatase, normal transaminases. Direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, urobilinogens, stercobilinogen may be absent, increased levels of transaminases. 51. The causes promoting a decrease of glomerular filtration include all of the following, except: Decreased systemic blood pressure Decreased oncotic blood pressure Obstruction of urine outflow Increased renin release 52. The urgent compensatory mechanism of cardiac failure is: Dyspnea Hypertrophy of the myocardium Anemia 53. Hyperchlorhydria and increased secretory function of the gastric glands are characterized by all these signs, except: Constipation Diarrhea Increased activity of pepsin Intestinal hypokinesia 54. Reperfusion syndrome in myocardial ischemia is associated with: Activation of lipid peroxidation Inhibition of lipid peroxidation Increased calcium level in cardiomyocytes Decreased calcium level in cardiomyocytes 55. Remodeling elements include all of the following, except: Hypertrophy Impaired Ca2+ mechanism Impaired function of K+/Na+ exchanger Realization of fetal gene programs Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes connective tissue growth 56. The main manifestation of acute left ventricular heart failure is: ascites lung edema tachycardia 57. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by all the signs, except: Hypoalbuminemia The daily loss of protein more than 3 g/l Isostenuria Hyperlipidemia Edema 58. Stages of compensatory hyperfunction of the myocardium are: Emergency stage Hypotrophy Hypertrophy Progressive cardiosclerosis 59. Hemorrhagic diathesis in liver pathology is caused by the following mechanisms, except: Reduction of the synthesis of prothrombin, proaccelerin in the liver Development of the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC syndrome) Vasculopathia Thrombocytopenia 60. Concentric hypertrophy of heart is caused by: Mitral stenosis Mitral regurgitation Ischemic heart disease Hypervolemia 61. All of the following are symptoms of cholemia, except: Bradycardia Itching Tachycardia Low arterial pressure Frothy urine 62. Stenosis of the upper respiratory tracts is characterized by: Tachypnea Bradypnea Polypnea 63. The main factors, contributing to the transition stage of stable hyperfunction into stage of dis adaptation, include all listed, except: Increased energy consumption by the myocardium. Decrease of ratio: surface area of the surface of cardiomyocytes/volume. Reduction of the density of the capillary network. Increase of the density of the capillary network. Disorder of the nuclear/cytoplasmic relations in cardiomyocytes. Reduction of the density of adrenergic receptors. Growth of the interstitium. 64. Most common site of venous thrombosis? Veins of upper extremity Veins of lower extremity Dural sinus Portal vein 65. Liver failure includes the following syndromes, except: Portal hypertension Hemorragic diathesis Jaundice Polycythemia Hepatic encephalopathy 66. An increased incidence of pancreatitis is associated with all of the following, except? Alcoholism Cholelithiasis Hypertension Chlorothiazide therapy 67. The cause of obstructive jaundice is: Bile duct obstruction Destruction of red blood cells Damage of hepatocytes Viral infection 68. Chronic renal failure with severe decrease of glomerular filtration rate (less than 25 ml/min) leads to development of: Hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia 69. Types of intestinal obstruction include all of the following, except: Dynamic Obstructive Thromboembolic Strangulation Hypovolemic 70. Emphysema is associated with deficiency of which of the following: alpha1 anti-trypsin Trypsin Trypsinogen Bradykinin 71. Acholia is characterized by following disorders, Except: Periods of constipation and diarrhea Steatorrhea Dysbacteriosis Polyhypovitaminosis Flatulence Increased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins 72. All of the following are causes of eccentric type of myocardial remodeling, except: Ischemic heart disease Cardiosclerosis Valvular stenosis Valvular regurgitation 73. Myocardial remodeling is characterized by: Structural and functional reorganization of myocytes Structural and functional reorganization of only the interstitial component Structural and functional reorganization of myocytes and interstitial components 74. Indicators which characterize disorders of glomerular filtration are all listed, Except: Azotemia Reduction of creatinine clearance Non-selective proteinuria Oliguria Leukocyturia 75. Tubular proteinuria is observed in all these forms of pathology, except: Interstitial nephritis Renal disease with reduced potassium-K+penic kidney Acute tubular necrosis Congenital tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome) Nephrotic syndrome 76. Stages of acute renal failure include all of the following , except: Initial Oliguric Diuretic Postrenal Recovery 77. Which of the following is not a function of liver? Production of albumin Detoxification of ammonia Production of vitamin K Metabolism of drugs 78. The complications of gallstones include all of the following, except: Adenocarcinoma of ampulla of Vater Acute intrahepatic cholangitis Acute pancreatitis Gangrenous cholecystitis 79. Chronic gastritis «A» is characterized by all the listed signs, except: Damage of fundal part of the stomach Damage of pyloric part of the stomach Achilia Vitamin B12-deficiency anemia Autoimmune character 80. Anti-parietal cell antibodies are found in patients with? Pernicious anemia Gastric carcinoma Primary biliary cirrhosis Wegener granulomatosis 81. Eccentric hypertrophy of heart is caused by: Mitral stenosis Mitral regurgitation Hypertension 82. Presence of urobilinogen is not sign of: Obstructive (mechanical) jaundice Hemolytic jaundice Parenchymal jaundice(appearance of urobilinogen in urine) Loading …2+2 ?
